Nobody can resist fluffy baby chicks, so what would be
better than hatching your own? Imagine looking into an incubating egg and
watching the embryo develop from the first sighting of blood veins and
pulsating heart to the excitement of an emerging chick all wet and exhausted.
And this miracle takes only 21 days!
You like the idea but have concerns about the cost and
difficulty factor. Well, let us put your mind at rest and make your first time
incubating an enjoyable experience you will want to repeat.
Incubators have come a long way, and now you can purchase a
good quality small incubator to hatch 7 to 10 eggs for $70 to $130.
An accurate temperature control is key to a successful hatch,
so look for an incubator with reliable electronic temperature control. Prefer
incubators made of impervious materials and with simple turning mechanisms
which can be cleaned easily and will not be a breeding ground for bacteria.
Egg turning can be done manually, but bearing in mind that
eggs need to be turned at least 4 times a day and preferably every hour. You
may want to pay a little extra for automatic turning.
The Mini
Advance, for instance, rotates the eggs automatically every hour and counts
down to hatch day. It automatically stops the turning 2 days before the eggs
are due to hatch, so there is no risk of injuries to the chicks from moving
parts. The temperature is already preset at 99.5°F and there is a high/low
alarm which would sound if you forget to close the lid, for example. The menu
is only accessed by pressing a combination of keys, so it’s not easy for little
fingers to interfere with the settings... Basically it's ready to use right out
of the box, just plug it in, add water and play! It couldn’t be easier!
Get quality fertile eggs
Apart from a good incubator, you will need fertile eggs. If
you have a flock of healthy hens that includes a rooster, you’re all set. If
you don’t have a rooster, it’s always best to source your fertile eggs locally.
They will be fresher, and their chances of hatching won’t have been compromised
by jostling and extreme temperatures during shipping.
Now the fun part – candling!
Candling is the method used to observe the growth and
development of an embryo inside an egg which uses a bright light source behind
the egg to show details through the shell. It is so called because the original
sources of light used were candles.
Modern egg candlers or candling lamps are lights with a
concentrated beam. LEDs are now preferred because they are very bright, very
efficient and put out a cool light rather than a lot of heat that might damage
the embryos.
Candling allows you to monitor many things including the egg
fertility, embryo development and weight loss rate. By being able to identify
and remove non-viable eggs (infertile or early death) you can also avoid the
risk of a bad egg contaminating your hatch with germs.
During incubation the air sac size should increase as
moisture evaporates from the egg. Eggs need to loose about 13% of their
original weight during incubation. If your humidity level is about right, the
air sac should increase at different days of incubation according to the
diagram shown above.
If the incubation humidity is too low (very dry conditions),
the air sac will be larger than normal and the humidity in the incubator should
be increased to reduce the rate of water loss. If the air space is smaller than
normal then the opposite applies.
Eggs may be candled after 5 days of incubation and every few
days thereafter. For best results you should candle eggs in a darkened room or
in dimly lit conditions. The candler should be held right against the shell at
the larger end of the egg where the air sac is located. The egg can be rotated
to observe blood vessel growth and embryo development.
Initially you will be able to see a small embryo and a web
of blood vessels radiating from it. As
the chick grows it will be hard to make out detail but you should still be able
to see movement.
Conversely, infertile eggs will remain clear and eggs which
have died will show a dark ring. It will take a little practice to become a
confident candler. Do not discard any eggs if you are not sure. Have another
look at them later comparing them to your good eggs to help you decide.
The magical hatching
2 days before the eggs are due to hatch you should stop
turning and eggs and make sure the water reservoirs are well topped up.
Humidity needs to be high during hatching so do not open the incubator.
Birth takes time! 24 hours or more from the time you notice
the first bump on the shell to the time the chicks emerges all wet and
exhausted. So be patient, don't be tempted to help and don’t transfer the
chicks under a brooder until they are fully fluffed up or they could chill. Your
patience will be rewarded with little bundles of fuzzy cuteness nobody can
resist.
One word of caution, hatching is addictive and you could
soon be overrun!
For more information on candling and other incubation procedures
you can download a free Incubation Handbook from www.Brinsea.com. You can also join us on Facebook.
Happy hatching!
Pascale Deffieux-Pearce
presented
workshops at the Seven Springs, Pa. MOTHER EARTH NEWS FAIR.
Please visit the FAIR website for more information about future FAIRs, June 1-2 in Puyallup, Wash. and Sept. 20-22 in Seven Springs, Pa. Tickets are on sale now.
You can also get FAIR updates on our Facebook and Twitter pages.
Incubating a small number of eggs has never been easier or
more affordable.
