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How to Build a Simple Solar Heater

Build this simple solar heater to tap a free source of heat.
GARY REYSA
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Contrary to common perception, solar heating doesn't have to be complicated or expensive. You can easily build an effective, inexpensive solar heater to warm your barn, workshop or even your home. Here are a few tips for implementing this simple, sustainable heating method.

Consider a thermosiphon air collector. There are a variety of solar collector options available, but this elegant design runs without the fans, sensors and controllers often used in other models and, in doing so, eliminates the cost, maintenance and power use they require. Instead, the circulating air is propelled solely by the buoyancy of the heated air. Gary Reysa, a Mother Earth News magazine contributor, retrofitted a thermosiphon air collector into the structure of his workshop in Montana. Using easily accessible materials and handling the construction and installation himself, the final project cost was close to $350.

Collector materials and basic mechanics. The thermosiphon air collector is made of clear, corrugated polycarbonate panels attached to 2-by-6-inch studs. Solar energy is collected by an absorber built within the collector body which is vented at the top and bottom to allow air circulation throughout the system. Simply closing the vents in the evening keeps the heat in during the night.

Additional savings. Placing your collector within the south wall is key, and the larger the collector is, the warmer the building will be (for free!). The additional materials and construction time needed for a larger collector are fractional compared to the increased utility savings and warming potential. The cheapest way to build a collector is to incorporate it into the construction of a new structure. If built in, rather than retrofitted, the materials cost difference between a wall with a collector and a standard wall is almost nonexistent.

Output and payback. Gary's collector can warm his workshop to 25 to 35 degrees higher than the outside temperature (in about three hours) on a winter day with plenty of sun. On days with heavy cloud cover there isn't much of a temperature increase, but the collector still performs well if it's partially cloudy or generally gray out. While it costs more to built the solar collector than to buy a propane heater, at $2 a gallon for propane (or $300-$400 over five months of heating), the solar collector pays for itself within a year or two, and any heating after that is essentially free.

These tips are adapted from Gary Reysa's article Build a Simple Solar Heater. Find more tips and detailed construction information in the complete article.


10 Comments

  • ERNIE SIMPSON 10/26/2007 12:00:00 AM

    It could be done, but would take a LOT of pedaling to produce
    enough current to run a hot water heater, you would use 12 v DC
    heater coils to heat the water inside a container.. power them
    through a breaker relay switch to put amperage into the heaters and
    thus create heat.

  • Cassie O&aposquinn 10/25/2007 12:00:00 AM

    Does anyone know if it is possible to heat water for your home
    by use of batteries (for stored energy) and a bicycle?

  • nitin bhopale 10/14/2007 12:00:00 AM

    your guidlins are very usefull to comman people to make use of
    renewable energy.

  • david marshland 10/5/2007 12:00:00 AM

    It seems to me that if the hot air inlet and cold air outlet in
    the house wall are the same height, probably the top of (or higher
    than) the heater, the problem of cold air syphoning back at night
    would not exist. The cold airfrom the house could then be ducted
    down to the bottom of the heater. I expect there is an obvious flaw
    in this thinking, but so far I've missed it. In my case the floor
    of the house on the southside is a few feet above the ground.Also
    would it be better to have a relatively high air flow warming the
    air slightly above the input air temperature rather than a lesser
    restricted flow giving a high output temperature? My thinking is
    that you don't want that high a temperature in the house and the
    increased heat losses from high temperatures would need more
    insulation. Again, I could be wrong, but why?

  • DAVID THOMAS 8/21/2007 12:00:00 AM

    To D.Weber, I am in the middle of experimenting with a lens made
    out of an old projection screen TV. You wouldn't believe all the
    heat that is generated by it and very fast too not like the smaller
    magnifing glasses. My only concern is you need to have water or
    some kind of fluid running through it because it will get the metal
    too hot and cause fires. I was thinking about having a system that
    would have motors that would track the sun only if the pump was
    running and would move the panel down to an off/out of focus
    position if it wasn't running or if the power went off through
    battery back up. Still a work in progress though.

  • avrithi scholar 8/11/2007 12:00:00 AM

    i need to build a solar water heater as a school project. ive
    been asked to construct and then compare the effectiveness of
    different insulating materials.ive noticed that glass seems to be
    the most common.does anybody have any other insulating materials in
    mind??

  • Dick Weber 8/3/2007 12:00:00 AM

    HAS ANYONE EVER THOUGHT ABOUT THE USE OFA MAGNIFYING GLASS TO
    SPEED UP THE HEATINGOF THE WATER IN A METAL TANK...

  • Robert L. Randell 7/22/2007 12:00:00 AM

    Need an effective way to warm my workshop in the winter. Last
    winter I was able to winter my goldfish in the workshop using a car
    warmer that I turned on and off by monitoring the temperature with
    a remote thermometer. Although the temperature here can get very
    cold the air in the workshop only fell below freezing once during
    the winter. With solar heating I could , perhaps, dispense with the
    car warmer.

  • ERNIE SIMPSON 5/31/2007 12:00:00 AM

    Solar heating panels work specially well on manufactured housing
    units since they are higher off the ground so you can get a better
    heat rise to the imput heat insertion point.. also it is easier to
    make a small cut in the MH exterior/Interior and not have to use a
    window. Even better is to put a cheap fan at the exit point to suck
    the warm air out of the collector and disburse it throughout the
    room.the wizard

  • dbjc364 4/10/2007 12:00:00 AM

    After both of us read the "build your own solar heating
    article", I continued on to read hundreds of pages about building
    our own. I had bought 3 insulated glass panels {cheap}at a yard
    sale 2 years ago -stored them-and knew I would use them for
    something down the line. They are about 5 ft. tall,2 1/2 ft wide.
    One of them will be used in the new back addition thats going on
    the house this summer-strategicaly placed for winters sun gain.The
    other 2 will be made into solar panels to help heat the
    house-attaching them to the side.We are going to build the solar
    collector wall as the addition goes up. I have since acguired 2
    more glass panels-reasonably priced to do the same.Doing the solar
    power thing from re-cycled materials as much as posible is
    especially cost effective. We are never bored thru our winters, as
    we are both avid readers, and I for one am always seeking an
    alternative to chop the living exspenses down a bit. Our plan is to
    also solar collector wall the garage & workshop thats being
    built this year. At present time we have just got on board our wind
    aneometer to study whats going on for the next year, as our winds
    here are pretty good.Now, even though I may not understand alot of
    how something may work or how to build it,when 2 or more people are
    together,something good is bound to get built.Our contractor on
    board,who hasn't done anything solar,is curious about this, and
    more than willing to help us build it.It was "Mother Earth's"
    article that got me started on this roll-and my constant dismay
    with the oil bill,so keep up the good work!!

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