How to Build a Simple Solar Heater
March 26, 2007
By Aubrey Vaughn
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GARY REYSA
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Contrary to common perception, solar heating doesn't have to be complicated or expensive. You can easily build an effective, inexpensive solar heater to warm your barn, workshop or even your home. Here are a few tips for implementing this simple, sustainable heating method.
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Consider a thermosiphon air collector. There are a variety of solar collector options available, but this elegant design runs without the fans, sensors and controllers often used in other models and, in doing so, eliminates the cost, maintenance and power use they require. Instead, the circulating air is propelled solely by the buoyancy of the heated air. Gary Reysa, a Mother Earth News magazine contributor, retrofitted a thermosiphon air collector into the structure of his workshop in Montana. Using easily accessible materials and handling the construction and installation himself, the final project cost was close to $350.
Collector materials and basic mechanics. The thermosiphon air collector is made of clear, corrugated polycarbonate panels attached to 2-by-6-inch studs. Solar energy is collected by an absorber built within the collector body which is vented at the top and bottom to allow air circulation throughout the system. Simply closing the vents in the evening keeps the heat in during the night.
Additional savings. Placing your collector within the south wall is key, and the larger the collector is, the warmer the building will be (for free!). The additional materials and construction time needed for a larger collector are fractional compared to the increased utility savings and warming potential. The cheapest way to build a collector is to incorporate it into the construction of a new structure. If built in, rather than retrofitted, the materials cost difference between a wall with a collector and a standard wall is almost nonexistent.
Output and payback. Gary's collector can warm his workshop to 25 to 35 degrees higher than the outside temperature (in about three hours) on a winter day with plenty of sun. On days with heavy cloud cover there isn't much of a temperature increase, but the collector still performs well if it's partially cloudy or generally gray out. While it costs more to built the solar collector than to buy a propane heater, at $2 a gallon for propane (or $300-$400 over five months of heating), the solar collector pays for itself within a year or two, and any heating after that is essentially free.
These tips are adapted from Gary Reysa's article Build a Simple Solar Heater. Find more tips and detailed construction information in the complete article.