Magic Heat Pumps
(Page 6 of 8)
April/May 2005
By Greg Pahl
Bryant
(888) 999-2792
www.bryant.com
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The same criteria for sizing air-source heat pumps apply to ground-source heat systems. A well-insulated, 2,000-square-foot home will probably require a 3-ton heat pump. The actual size of your system should be within 15 percent of the calculated load. If you are planning to use your geothermal system for cooling, you will also need cooling-load calculations. Your contractor should be able to perform all of these calculations for you.
Your primary consideration in selecting a ground-source heat pump should be performance. The heating efficiency of ground-source heat pumps is indicated by their coefficient of performance (COP). Their cooling efficiency is indicated by the energy- efficiency ratio (EER). Look for the Energy Star label, which indicates a COP of 2.8 or greater and an EER of 13 or greater. Also look for equipment that is certified by the Air-conditioning and Refrigeration Institute.
Unlike air-source heat pumps, noise is not an issue with ground-source units — they are so quiet that many homeowners don’t realize they are running. Install the heat pump where there is sufficient space to work on the equipment, perhaps in a utility room, basement or crawl space. The best location is one that is an easy-to-access spot nearest to the center of the house.
Ground-source heat pumps require slightly less maintenance than air-source systems. Nevertheless, as with any heat pump, routine preventive maintenance is important. A dirty filter, coil or fan will reduce airflow through the system, which can damage the compressor over time. In an open system, mineral deposits can build up inside the heat exchanger. A service technician can clear away the deposits by using a mild acid solution.
Ground-source heat pumps have lifetimes of about 20 to 25 years. They last slightly longer than air-source units because the compressor is located indoors, where it is subjected to less stress. Some heating, ventilation and air-conditioning contractors offer ground-source heat pumps. Because geothermal systems require careful design and installation of the underground piping and the heat pump itself, contractors who specialize in these systems are your best choice, especially those who are certified by the International Ground Source Heat Pump Association (IGSHPA). Seek estimates from two or three contractors and compare costs. Some heat pump installers are not as familiar with ground-source systems as they are with air-source systems, so choose a contractor carefully.
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