A Seed's Life

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How Old is Your New Seed?

The author plants viable seeds in one of her raised-bed gardens.

If you answered false to question #2, give yourself a point. The reality is, seed packets sold this year may contain seed that is several years old! That date you'll find stamped on the packet is what's known as a "packed for" date and indicates merely the year in which the seed was packaged for sale. There's no telling when it was actually grown, or when the last germination test was run (see "Germination Standards and Tests" below). That said, as long as the seed was stored properly and wasn't approaching a significant loss in viability by the time it was packaged, it should be fine at least through the year marked. And if you get good germination results the first time you plant, chances are you can save any leftover seed for the following year and see at least average results, assuming you're not dealing with short- lived seed such as onion, leek, spinach or beet. But if your initial results are less than inspiring, I wouldn't count on the seed lasting another season, even under ideal storage conditions.

Germination Standards and Tests

Add another point to your score if you answered false to question #3. A germination test determines what percentage of seeds will germinate (remain viable) in any given batch.

A seed that's viable has the ability to sprout and begin its growth from seedling to mature plant.

The federal government sets minimum germination standards for vegetable seed, though these vary from plant to plant. For example, 75% of corn seed must germinate in order for it to be packaged for sale. Compare this with peppers and celery, which require germination rates of only 55%. (Give yourself another point if you answered true to question #4.) Seed that doesn't meet federal standards may still be sold as long as it's marked "below standard," but this is rarely done. I have never come across seed labeled in this way, not even among the ten-for-a-dollar packs I've purchased off the bargain racks (yes, I give in to these impulse buys on occasion!). I'm aware of a few mail-order companies that simply donate any of their seed that falls below standard. Still, I suppose particularly when you buy cheap seed, the possibility exists that you could be buying substandard seed.

An employee at Territorial Seed Co. conducts a germination test to determine seed viability.

Be aware, too, that while Uncle Sam sets germination standards for vegetables, testing requirements are left to the states and can differ greatly from one to the next. Several states require germination tests every six months. Most call for tests about every nine months, while a few only require testing every 18 months.

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