The Fantastic Flight of Bats
October/November 2005
Terry Krautwurst
 |
MICHAEL DURHAM,MICHAEL DURHAM
|
If you've ever watched a bat dive, swoop and swerve in the sky at
dusk, you know there's no confusing it with a bird's flight ? a
bat's movements are quicker and less predictable, more
aerobatic.
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Like birds, bats have wings that are supported by arm bones. But
unlike a bird's, each bat wing also is supported by four elongated
finger bones and a short thumb: a five-digit 'hand' similar to our
own in basic skeletal structure. The thumbs have a little hook at
the end for clinging to tree branches or cave walls. The fingers
are webbed together, sandwiched between two thin layers of leathery
skin that connect to the bat's body, forming a continuous airfoil.
Another double membrane connects the two hind legs. Between the
wings' layers of skin, there is no flesh at all, just bones, blood
vessels and nerves.
Also unlike bird wings, bat wings are not rigid. The finger bones
are thin, light and flexible, and the skin is extraordinarily
elastic. With every flap, the wings billow and change shape,
adapting to the bats' directional shifts and to varying airflows.
Scientists still don't understand bat aerodynamics entirely. But
one thing's certain: The bat's flexible wings give it amazing
maneuverability. By folding its wings into different shapes, the
bat can change direction quickly, zooming and tumbling through the
air. It can roll, climb, dive, somersault and even hover like a
hummingbird. When landing, a bat executes a last-second flip, so
that it ends up hanging upside down, with its wings folded
alongside its body.
A bat also uses its flexible wings to snag insects. Pursuing its
prey one bug at a time, a bat flexes its fingers to make a scoop in
its wing or tail membrane, strikes the insect, then quickly grabs
the stunned morsel with its hind feet and pops it into its
mouth.
To read more about these amazing creatures, check out Terry
Krautwurst's story, 'Fantastic Bats,' in the October/November issue
of
Mother Earth News.